How lithium ion batteries work

The definition of the lithium-ion battery: carbon as the negative electrode and lithium-containing compounds as the positive electrode; in the process of charge and discharge, there is no metal lithium, only lithium-ion, which is the origin of the name of lithium-ion battery. 

development history

lithium ion development history
development history

Lithium-ion battery-how it works

In the process of charge and discharge of the lithium ion battery, lithium ion is in the state of movement from the positive pole “negative pole” to the positive pole. It’s like a rocking chair. The two ends of the rocking chair are the poles of the battery, and the lithium ions move back and forth at both ends of the rocking chair. This kind of electrochemical energy storage system is vividly called “rocking chair battery”.

lithium battery work
lithium battery work

Lithium ion battery-battery structure

Lithium Ion Battery Structure
Lithium Ion Battery-Battery Structure​

Lithium-ion batteries-classified by shell structure

Cylindrical lithium-ion battery
Cylindrical lithium-ion battery
Button lithium ion battery
Button lithium ion battery
prismatic lithium ion battery
Prismatic lithium ion battery
Thin film lithium ion battery
Thin film lithium ion battery

Classified by shell material

Steel shell
Steel shell
Aluminum shell
Aluminum shell
Aluminum plastic film
Aluminum plastic film
Plastic shell
Plastic shell

Classified by cell structure

Wound lithium ion battery
Wound lithium ion battery
Laminated lithium-ion battery
Laminated lithium ion battery

Classification by cathode material

Cathode materialLithium titanateNCMLithium cobaltLiMn2O4Lithium iron phosphate
Nominal voltage1.5V3.6V3.7V3.8V3.2V
Energy ratio45-55wh/kg170wh/kg150-160wh/kg100wh/kg100-140wh/kg
Cycle life / time>9000>1000>300>500>2000
SecurityExcellentBetter PoorGoodExcellent
Operating temperature range-30-60℃-20-55℃-20-55℃-20-55℃-20-70℃
Rate discharge performance≤10C≤5C≤100C≤10C≤10C
Possibility of material price reductionThere is a certain amount of space.There is a certain amount of space.Small/limitedSmall/limitedThe price can be reduced a lot.
Energy application ratio90-95%60-70% 95-98%(applied to 3C products)90-95% 90-95% 
Advantages Good cycle performance, high stability, fast chargingGood stability at high temperature and good resistance to dielectric corrosionGood comprehensive electrical performance and high gram capacityManganese is rich in resources, easy to prepare, and safe.High stability, safety, and reliability, good cycle performance, excellent high-temperature performance, low temperature-20 ℃ can work normally.
ShortcomingThe discharge voltage platform is low, the energy density is low, and the price is expensive.The lattice of the material has been distorted during charge and discharge, and the cycle performance is poor.Poor security and high costThe solubility of the material is low, and lattice distortion has occurred in deep charge and discharge, resulting in rapid depletion of battery capacity.The electrical conductivity is general and the vibrating density is low.
Comprehensive price ratioLowGeneralGeneralLowHigh

Production technology of lithium battery

Production technology of lithium battery
Production technology of lithium battery

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